To which are prefixed, an introductory dissertation on the origin, history and connection of the languages of Western Asia and of Europe, and a concise grammar of the English language by Webster, Noah, ; Howe, Hezekiah Dear Twitpic Community - thank you for all the wonderful photos you have taken over the years. We have now placed Twitpic in an archived state The English language was first introduced to the Americas by British colonisation, beginning in the late 16th and early 17th blogger.com language also spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonisation and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by , included – million people, about a quarter of the world's population
Nite Definition & Meaning | blogger.com
The English language was first introduced to the Americas by British colonisationbeginning in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The language also spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonisation and the spread of the former British Empirewhich, byincluded — million people, about a quarter of the world's population. Written forms of British and American English as found in newspapers and textbooks vary little in their essential features, with only occasional noticeable differences.
Over the past years, dissertation english language noah webster, the forms of the language used in the Americas —especially in the United States —and that used in the United Kingdom have diverged in a few minor ways, leading to the versions now often referred dissertation english language noah webster as American English and British English.
Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammarvocabulary lexis dissertation english language noah webster, spellingpunctuationidiomsand formatting of dates and numbers. However, the differences in written and most spoken grammar structure tend to be much less than in other aspects of the language in terms of mutual intelligibility. A few words have completely different meanings in the two versions or are even unknown or not used in one of the versions.
One particular contribution towards formalising these differences came from Noah Websterwho wrote the first American dictionary published with the intention of showing that people in the United States spoke a different dialect from those spoken in the UK, much like a regional accent.
This divergence between American English and British English has provided opportunities for humorous comment: e. in fiction George Bernard Shaw says that the United States and United Kingdom are "two countries divided by a common language"; [3] and Oscar Wilde says that "We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except, of course, the language" The Canterville Ghost Henry Sweet incorrectly predicted in that within a century American English, Australian English and British English would be mutually unintelligible A Handbook of Phonetics.
Perhaps increased worldwide communication through radio, television, the Internet and globalisation has tended to reduce regional variation. This can lead to some variations becoming extinct for instance the wireless being progressively superseded by the radio or the acceptance of wide variations as "perfectly good English" everywhere.
Although spoken American and British English are generally mutually intelligible, there are occasional differences which might cause embarrassment—for example, in American English a rubber is usually interpreted as a condom rather than an eraser ; [4] and a British fanny refers to the female pubic area, while the American fanny refers to a butt US or an arse UK. The familiarity of speakers with words and phrases from different regions varies, and the difficulty of discerning dissertation english language noah webster unfamiliar definition also depends on the context and the term.
As expressions spread with the globalisation of telecommunicationthey are often but not always recognised as foreign to the speaker's dissertation english language noah webster, and words from other dialects may carry connotations with regard to registerdissertation english language noah webster, social status, origin, and intelligence.
Words such as bill and biscuit are used regularly in both AmE and BrE but can mean different things in each form. The word "bill" has several meanings, most of which are shared between AmE and BrE. However, in AmE "bill" often refers to a piece of paper money as in a "dollar bill" which in BrE is more commonly referred to as a note. In AmE it can also refer to the visor of a cap, [9] though this is by no means common. In AmE a biscuit from the French "twice baked" as in biscotto is a soft bready product that is known in BrE as a scone or a specifically hard, sweet biscuit.
Meanwhile, a BrE biscuit incorporates both dessert biscuits and AmE cookies from the Dutch 'little cake'. As chronicled by Winston Churchillthe opposite meanings of the verb to table created a misunderstanding during a meeting of the Allied forces; [10] in BrE to table an item on an agenda means to open it up for discussion whereas in AmE, it means to remove it from discussion, or at times, to suspend or delay discussion; e.
Let's table that topic for later. The word "football" in BrE refers to association footballalso known as soccer. In AmE, "football" means American football. The standard AmE term "soccer", a contraction of "association football ", dissertation english language noah webster actually of British origin, derived from the formalisation of different codes of football in the 19th century, and was a fairly unremarkable usage possibly marked for class in BrE until relatively recently; it has lately become perceived as an Americanism, dissertation english language noah webster.
Similarly, the word "hockey" in BrE refers to field hockey and in AmE, "hockey" means ice hockey. Words with completely different meanings are relatively few; most of the time there are either 1 words with one or more shared meanings and one or more meanings unique to one variety for example, bathroom and toilet or 2 words the meanings of which are actually common to both BrE and AmE but that show differences in frequency, connotation or denotation for example, smartdissertation english language noah webster, clevermad.
Some differences in usage and meaning can cause confusion or embarrassment. For example, the word fanny is a slang word for vulva in BrE but means buttocks in AmE—the AmE phrase fanny pack is bum bag in BrE. In AmE the word pissed means being annoyed whereas in BrE it is a coarse word for being drunk in both varieties, pissed off means irritated.
Similarly, in AmE the word pants is the common word for the BrE trousers and knickers refers to a variety of half-length trousers though most AmE users would use the term "shorts" rather than knickerswhile the majority of BrE speakers would understand pants to mean underpants and knickers to mean female underpants.
Sometimes the confusion is more subtle. In AmE the word quite used as a qualifier is generally a reinforcement, though it is somewhat uncommon in actual colloquial American use today and carries an air of formality: for example, "I'm quite hungry" is a very polite way to say "I'm very hungry". In BrE quite which is much more common in conversation may have this meaning, as in "quite right" or "quite mad", but it more commonly means "somewhat", so that in BrE "I'm quite hungry" can mean "I'm somewhat hungry".
This divergence of use can lead to misunderstanding. Most speakers of American English are aware of some uniquely British terms.
It is generally very easy to guess what some words, such as BrE "driving licence", mean, the AmE equivalent being "driver's license". However, use of many other British words such as naff slang but commonly used to mean "not very good" are unheard of in American English. Certain terms that are heard less frequently, especially those likely to be absent or rare in American popular culture, e. It is increasingly common for Americans to say "Happy holidays", referring to all, or at least multiple, dissertation english language noah webster, winter in the Northern hemisphere or summer in the Southern hemisphere holidays Christmas, Hanukkahdissertation english language noah webster, Kwanzaaetc.
especially when one's religious observances are not known; the phrase is rarely heard in the UK. In the UK, dissertation english language noah webster, the phrases "holiday season" and "holiday period" refer to the period in the summer in the Northern hemisphere or winter in the Southern hemisphere when most people take time off from work, and travel; AmE does not use holiday in this sense, instead using vacation for recreational excursions.
In AmE, the prevailing Christmas greeting is "Merry Christmas", which is the traditional English Christmas greeting, as found in the English Christmas carol " We Wish You a Merry Christmas ", and which appears several times in Charles Dickens ' A Christmas Carol.
Generally in British English, numbers with a value over one hundred have the word "and" inserted before the last two digits. For example, the numberwhen written in words or spoken aloud, would be "One hundred and fifteen", in British English. In American English, numbers are typically said or written in words in the same way, however if the word "and" is omitted "One hundred fifteen"this is also considered acceptable in BrE this would be considered ungrammatical.
Likewise, in the US, dissertation english language noah webster, the word "on" can be left out when referring to events occurring on any particular day of the week.
The US possibility "The Cowboys won the game Saturday" would have the equivalent in the UK of "Sheffield United won the match on Saturday. Both BrE and AmE use the expression "I couldn't care less", to mean that the speaker does not care at all.
Some Americans use "I could care less" to mean the same thing. This variant is frequently derided as sloppy, [17] as the literal meaning of the words is that the speaker does care to some extent. In both areas, saying, "I don't mind" often means, "I'm not annoyed" for example, by someone's smokingwhile "I don't care" often means, "The matter is trivial or boring". However, in answering a question such as "Tea or dissertation english language noah webster Either can sound odd, confusing, dissertation english language noah webster, or rude, to those accustomed to the other variant.
I'll take the check. A number of English idioms that have essentially the same meaning show lexical differences between the British and the American version; for instance:. The US has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does the UK, but the division by grades varies somewhat among the states and even among local school districts.
For example, elementary school often includes kindergarten and may include sixth grade, with middle school including only two grades or extending to ninth grade. In the UK, the US equivalent of a high school is often referred to as a "secondary school" regardless of whether it is state funded or private.
US Secondary education also includes middle school or junior high schoola two- or three-year transitional school between elementary school and high school. However, in Dorset South Englandit is used to describe the second school in the three-tier system, which is normally from year 5 to year 8.
In other regions, such as Evesham and the surrounding area in Worcestershirethe second tier goes from year 6 to year 8, and both starting secondary school in year nine. A public school has opposite meanings in the two countries. In AmE this is a government-owned institution open to all students, supported by public funding, dissertation english language noah webster. The BrE use of the term is in the dissertation english language noah webster of "private" education: to be educated privately with a tutor.
Independent schools are also known as "private schools", and the latter is the term used in Scotland and Northern Ireland for all such fee-funded schools. Strictly, the term public school is not used in Scotland and Northern Ireland in the same sense as in England, but nevertheless Gordonstounthe Scottish private school, is sometimes referred to as a public schoolas are some other Scottish private schools. Government-funded schools in Scotland and Northern Ireland are properly referred to as "state schools" but are sometimes confusingly referred to as "public schools" with the same meaning as in the USand in the US, where most public schools are administered by local governments, a state school typically refers to a dissertation english language noah webster or university run by one of the U.
Speakers in both the United States and the United Kingdom use several additional terms for specific types of secondary school. A US prep school or preparatory school is an independent school funded by tuition fees; the same term is used in the UK for a private school for pupils under 13designed to prepare them for fee-paying public schools.
In the US, Catholic schools cover costs through tuition and have affiliations with a religious institution, most often a Catholic church or diocese.
In England, dissertation english language noah webster, where the state-funded education system grew from parish schools organised by the local established churchthe Church of England C of E, or CEand many schools, especially primary schools up to age 11 retain a church connection and are known as church schoolsCE schools or CE aided schools.
There are also faith schools associated with the Roman Catholic Church and other major faiths, with a mixture of funding arrangements. In the US, a magnet school receives government funding and has special admission requirements: in some cases pupils gain admission through superior performance on admission tests, while other magnet schools admit students through a lottery. Moreover, in the UK 36 local education authorities retain selection by ability at Students who fail the exam go to a secondary modern schoolsometimes called a "high school", or increasingly an "academy".
In areas where there are no grammar schools the comprehensives likewise may term themselves high schools or academies. Some private schools are called "grammar schools", chiefly those that were grammar schools long before the advent of state education, dissertation english language noah webster. In the UK a university student is said to "study", to "read" or, informally, simply to "do" a subject.
In the recent past the expression 'to read a subject' was more common at the older universities such as Oxford and Cambridge. In the US a student studies or majors in a subject although a student's majorconcentration or, less commonly, emphasis is also used in US colleges or universities to refer to the major subject of study.
To major in something refers to the student's principal course of study; to study may refer to any class being taken. In AmE each class is generally taught by a professor although some US tertiary educational institutions follow the BrE usagewhile the position of lecturer is occasionally given to individuals hired on a temporary basis to teach one or more classes and who may or may not have a doctoral degree.
The word course in American use typically refers to the study of a restricted topic or individual subject for example, "a course in Early Medieval England", "a course in integral calculus" over a limited period of time such as a semester or term and is equivalent to a module or sometimes unit at a British university. In the UK, a course of study or simply course is likely to refer to the entire programme of study, which may extend over several years and be made up of any number of modules, hence it is also practically synonymous to a degree programme.
A few university-specific exceptions exist: for example, at Cambridge the word paper is used to refer to a modulewhile the whole course of study is called tripos. A dissertation in AmE refers to the final written product of a doctoral student to fulfil the dissertation english language noah webster of that program. In BrE, the same word refers to the final written product of a student in an undergraduate or taught master's programme. A dissertation in the AmE sense would be a thesis in BrE, though dissertation is also used.
Another source of confusion is the different usage of the word college. See a full international discussion of the various meanings at college. In the US, it refers to a post-high school institution that grants either associate's or bachelor's degrees, and in the UK, it refers to any post-secondary institution that is not a university including sixth form college after the name in secondary dissertation english language noah webster for years 12 and 13, the sixth form where intermediary courses such as A levels or NVQs can be taken and GCSE courses can be retaken.
College may sometimes be used in the UK or in Commonwealth countries as part of the name of a secondary or high school for example, Dubai College. In the case of Oxford, Cambridge, AberdeenLondonLancasterDurhamKent and York universities, all members are also members of a college which is part of the university, for example, one is a member of King's College, Cambridge and hence the university.
In both the US and UK college can refer to some division within a university that dissertation english language noah webster related academic departments such as the "college of business and economics" though in the UK "faculty" is more often used.
Institutions in the US that offer two to four years of post-high school education often have the word college as part of their name, while those offering more advanced degrees are called a university.
American students who pursue a bachelor's degree four years of higher education or an associate degree two years of higher education are college students regardless of whether they attend a college or a university and refer to their educational institutions informally as colleges.
Unboxing the Webster 1828 Dictionary
, time: 7:06Og Definition & Meaning | blogger.com
Og definition, oganesson. See more. While OG has come to be a hip way of referring or showing respect to someone who’s an expert in any facet of life, its origins lie in gang culture. According to Steve Champion and former South Central Los Angeles gang member Anthony Ross in , the term first started being used in the early s by the LA-based Original Gangster Crips The (/ ð ə, ð iː / ()) is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers or blogger.com is the definite article in English. The is the most commonly used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English To which are prefixed, an introductory dissertation on the origin, history and connection of the languages of Western Asia and of Europe, and a concise grammar of the English language by Webster, Noah, ; Howe, Hezekiah
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